Country/Region Comparison

Documents

Year	United States	China
1996	363333	31045
1997	363425	36329
1998	361627	42807
1999	359817	43502
2000	373007	51599
2001	375495	65687
2002	398807	68549
2003	442904	81936
2004	477338	117129
2005	527998	171173
2006	544682	201293
2007	547901	223156
2008	554071	261129
2009	590707	307348
2010	615405	340022
2011	638264	390093
2012	676244	416993
2013	698181	456116
2014	690563	487892
2015	708794	464417
2016	716269	502659
2017	735452	547726
2018	744306	607836
2019	733093	723048
2020	742757	808780
2021	768099	901535
2022	736868	1042935
2023	734258	1076300
2024	743884	1215824

Citable documents

Year	United States	China
1996	353137	30934
1997	352993	36237
1998	349248	42722
1999	344534	43380
2000	356437	51405
2001	356582	65423
2002	377872	68261
2003	401765	81037
2004	432430	116456
2005	467598	170228
2006	477217	199705
2007	469052	221352
2008	473835	258606
2009	504566	303877
2010	520699	335910
2011	537087	385093
2012	553892	410300
2013	564890	447782
2014	569505	478885
2015	577971	454446
2016	586390	491343
2017	597514	535374
2018	611411	594466
2019	615290	708055
2020	634028	790175
2021	657046	881698
2022	627016	1018973
2023	611029	1048739
2024	636319	1190419

Non-citable documents

Year	United States	China
1996	10196	111
1997	10432	92
1998	12379	85
1999	15283	122
2000	16570	194
2001	18913	264
2002	20935	288
2003	41139	899
2004	44908	673
2005	60400	945
2006	67465	1588
2007	78849	1804
2008	80236	2523
2009	86141	3471
2010	94706	4112
2011	101177	5000
2012	122352	6693
2013	133291	8334
2014	121058	9007
2015	130823	9971
2016	129879	11316
2017	137938	12352
2018	132895	13370
2019	117803	14993
2020	108729	18605
2021	111053	19837
2022	109852	23962
2023	123229	27561
2024	107565	25405

Cited documents

Year	United States	China
1996	306246	19344
1997	311169	23708
1998	312653	27760
1999	315315	30532
2000	328295	37711
2001	332091	47175
2002	350192	52865
2003	381577	64143
2004	406862	91654
2005	438187	128497
2006	452073	152747
2007	452312	172568
2008	462340	201979
2009	494392	235586
2010	512372	260464
2011	529426	293854
2012	560221	320969
2013	574281	354350
2014	575838	385866
2015	589017	396614
2016	598914	433368
2017	613256	476778
2018	623291	531975
2019	616025	627867
2020	633791	696578
2021	640167	760100
2022	576514	851751
2023	490217	771948
2024	248601	443439

Non-cited documents

Year	United States	China
1996	57087	11701
1997	52256	12621
1998	48974	15047
1999	44502	12970
2000	44712	13888
2001	43404	18512
2002	48615	15684
2003	61327	17793
2004	70476	25475
2005	89811	42676
2006	92609	48546
2007	95589	50588
2008	91731	59150
2009	96315	71762
2010	103033	79558
2011	108838	96239
2012	116023	96024
2013	123900	101766
2014	114725	102026
2015	119777	67803
2016	117355	69291
2017	122196	70948
2018	121015	75861
2019	117068	95181
2020	108966	112202
2021	127932	141435
2022	160354	191184
2023	244041	304352
2024	495283	772385

Cites

Year	United States	China
1996	16370754	331418
1997	17070433	411956
1998	18313057	483253
1999	18793777	586054
2000	21336285	761841
2001	21669132	963914
2002	22545359	1213173
2003	24047476	1608735
2004	25001046	2178154
2005	25332354	2757838
2006	25235044	3260944
2007	24643610	3877178
2008	24628405	4576234
2009	25374239	5400956
2010	25364646	6119657
2011	24812662	6876760
2012	24354641	7842633
2013	23468719	8879075
2014	22683284	9957418
2015	22227499	11062066
2016	20939495	11578057
2017	20106797	12937515
2018	18450359	14145757
2019	16096222	15119719
2020	14655795	15659002
2021	10697062	12732170
2022	6204694	10057559
2023	3074160	5528908
2024	694392	1404224

External Cites

Year	United States	China
1996	9185010	190946
1997	9586650	239649
1998	10363708	265682
1999	10672143	316262
2000	12387431	390725
2001	12592260	485482
2002	13117407	604949
2003	14089930	811167
2004	14724662	1076314
2005	14916405	1322255
2006	14874042	1545660
2007	14553237	1821314
2008	14627062	2171696
2009	15064817	2554587
2010	15182177	2842834
2011	14876002	3122935
2012	14602884	3490412
2013	14105172	3856150
2014	13774049	4186588
2015	13680141	4538058
2016	13054946	4585295
2017	12750195	4978064
2018	11791964	5181956
2019	10366491	5376670
2020	9558437	5847559
2021	6904219	4057660
2022	3946012	2919906
2023	1925788	1541324
2024	421768	379703

Self Cites

Year	United States	China
1996	7185744	140472
1997	7483783	172307
1998	7949349	217571
1999	8121634	269792
2000	8948854	371116
2001	9076872	478432
2002	9427952	608224
2003	9957546	797568
2004	10276384	1101840
2005	10415949	1435583
2006	10361002	1715284
2007	10090373	2055864
2008	10001343	2404538
2009	10309422	2846369
2010	10182469	3276823
2011	9936660	3753825
2012	9751757	4352221
2013	9363547	5022925
2014	8909235	5770830
2015	8547358	6524008
2016	7884549	6992762
2017	7356602	7959451
2018	6658395	8963801
2019	5729731	9743049
2020	5097358	9811443
2021	3792843	8674510
2022	2258682	7137653
2023	1148372	3987584
2024	272624	1024521

% International Collaboration

Year	United States	China
1996	18.72	17.24
1997	17.12	16.84
1998	18.69	15.85
1999	17.97	15.84
2000	18.61	16.29
2001	18.13	13.44
2002	19.13	16.09
2003	21.97	18.60
2004	22.81	16.42
2005	23.37	13.81
2006	24.33	13.99
2007	25.84	14.43
2008	27.65	14.53
2009	25.88	14.31
2010	25.80	14.75
2011	26.54	14.84
2012	27.33	15.59
2013	28.24	16.66
2014	29.84	17.54
2015	30.83	20.73
2016	32.22	21.53
2017	32.86	22.30
2018	34.18	23.19
2019	35.65	22.43
2020	37.00	22.06
2021	37.18	20.61
2022	38.17	19.21
2023	37.13	18.28
2024	38.18	18.13

% Open Access

Year	United States	China
1996	21.35	15.37
1997	23.00	15.28
1998	23.90	16.50
1999	24.56	17.17
2000	24.38	17.17
2001	24.27	18.05
2002	24.53	18.22
2003	25.06	20.27
2004	25.73	21.05
2005	25.21	20.83
2006	26.10	20.19
2007	27.92	19.88
2008	32.03	20.49
2009	34.63	20.37
2010	35.45	19.19
2011	36.79	20.21
2012	37.65	22.81
2013	38.56	25.98
2014	41.18	27.48
2015	43.28	32.97
2016	45.06	33.68
2017	45.54	36.14
2018	47.81	37.69
2019	50.42	40.15
2020	54.49	43.63
2021	56.74	44.83
2022	56.32	45.48
2023	54.38	42.85
2024	45.38	38.61

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